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Stubby says: 'The following
information is so critically important to the preservation of economic liberty
(without which there can be no condition of general liberty) that each year
since the founding of this nation the gubmint has made it a specific point to
teach these principles to each and every citizen while still in their young,
formative years and (mostly) attending government public
school. The next time you find yourself at a barbecue, cocktail party or machine
gun shoot, make it a point to ask those around you, 'Hey, what year did they
teach you this stuff?' Then write to Stubby and let me know. I'm still trying to
find anyone the gubmint taught this to.'
Madison's Notes On The
Federal Convention
The delegates from the American colonies
who met in Philadelphia during the unusually hot summer of 1787 were sent with
the sole and specific authority delegated to them by their respective colonial
legislatures to 'make better' the existing Articles of Confederation.
They did nothing of the sort.
With
George Washington presiding, they immediately barred the doors, shuttered the windows
and took a solemn oath amongst themselves that nothing in print or writing of
what transpired during the entire convention would ever be released until the
last participant had died, whereupon they proceeded to create an entirely new
form of government, spending not a minute on the original Articles.
As
providence would have it, the last delegate to die was James Madison who passed
on in 1835.
As secretary of the convention, Madison had taken minute-to-minute
notes in his own hand, as best he could, of everything that was said during the
entire convention. Today we would call this "shorthand.'
After
his death, his wife Dolly Madfison sold his notes, then known as 'Madison's Notes On the
Federal Convention' to the government of France, and to the U.S. Congress, for a
pension.
Madison's Notes show
without doubt or debate the exact intent of the delegates in crafting what was
to become the Supreme Law of the United States.
Throughout the entire summer, each concept, each phrase, even each word was
debated, often heatedly, sometimes near to the point of fisticuffs!
At one
point, Benjamin Franklin, the convention's greatly venerated senior statesman,
rose to say a prayer that God guide the convention and things calmed down after
that.
Remembering that 'the intent of the law is the force of the law', and with the
foregoing facts in mind, we turn to the question of whether or not the
convention ever intended that the Congress be granted the power to make laws
permitting the printing of paper money, called in the parlance of the day, 'to
emit bills of credit.'
Bear in mind that the Continental Dollar had recently crashed, causing misery
all around, and our nation's Founders were not willing to allow this sort of
'mischief' to recur. As we will see from this small segment of Mr. Madison's
notes, the nation's first lawmakers denied the power to print paper money to the
Congress, voting to strike out the three words 'and emit bills.'
All bold emphasis in the following is our own.
~~~
Thursday August 16, 1787
In Convention of the Whole
Mr. Govr Morris moved to strike out "and emit bills on the credit of the U.
States" -- If the United States had credit such bills would be unnecessary: if
they had not unjust & useless.
Mr Butler, 2ds. the motion.
Mr. Madison, will it not be sufficient to prohibit the making them a tender?
This will remove the temptation to emit them with unjust views. And promissory
notes in that shape may in some emergencies be best.
Mr. Govr. Morris. striking out the words will leave room still for notes of a
responsible minister which will do all the good without the mischief. The Monied
interest will oppose the plan of Government, if paper emissions be not
prohibited.
Mr. Ghorum was for striking out, without inserting any prohibition. if the words
stand they may suggest and lead to the measure.
Col Mason had doubts on the subject. Congs. he thought would not have the power
unless it were expressed. Though he had a mortal hatred to paper money, yet as
he could not foresee all emergences, he was unwilling to tie the hands of the
Legislature. He observed that the late war could not have been carried on, had
such a prohibition existed.
Mr Ghorum-- The power as far as it will be necessary or safe, is involved in
that of borrowing.
Mr Mercer was a friend to paper money, though in the present state & temper of
America, he should neither propose nor approve of such a measure. He was
consequently opposed to a prohibition of it altogether. It will stamp suspicion
on the Government to deny it a discretion on this point. It was impolitic also
to excite the opposition of all those who were friends to paper money. The
people of property would be sure to be on the side of the plan, and it was
impolitic to purchase their further attachment with the loss of the opposite
class of Citizens
Mr. Elseworth thought this a favorable moment to shut and bar the door against
paper money. The mischiefs of the various experiments which had been made, were
now fresh in the public mind and had excited the disgust of all the respectable
part of America. By withholding the power from the new Governt. more friends of
influence would be gained to it than by almost any thing else - Paper money can
in no case be necessary - Give the Government credit, and other resources will
offer- The power may do harm, never good.
Mr. Randolph, nothwithstanding his antipathy to paper money, could not agree to
strike out the words, as he could not foresee all the occasions that might
arise.
Mr Wilson. It will have a most salutary influence on the credit of the U. States
to remove the possibility of paper money. This expedient can never succeed
whilst its mischiefs are remembered. And as long as it can be resorted to, it
will be a bar to other resources.
Mr. Butler. remarked that paper was a legal tender in no Country in Europe. He
was urgent for disarming the Government of such a power.
Mr Mason was still averse to tying the hands of the Legislature altogether . If
there was no example in Europe as just remarked it might be observed on the
other side, that there was none in which the Government was restrained on this
head.
Mr. Read, thought the words, if not struck out, would be as alarming as the mark
of the Beast in Revelations.
Mr. Langdon had rather reject the whole plan than retain the three words "(and
emit bills").
On the motion for striking out
N. H. ay- Mas. ay. Ct. ay. N-J. no. Pa. ay. Del. ay. Md. no. Va. ay.8 N. C- ay.
S. C. ay. Geo. ay. Ayes -- 9; noes -- 2.]
The clause for borrowing money, agreed to nem. con.
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